Крепости,укрепления,форт.сооружения / Military Architecture in England During the Middle Ages

Название: Military Architecture in England During the Middle Ages.
Illustrated by 200 Photographs, Drawings, and Plans
Автор: Alexander Hamilton Thompson
Издательство: Henry Erowde, Oxford University Press
Год: 1912
Страниц: 380 (complete, except without the white pages)
Язык: English
Формат: PDF HQ
Размер: 257 МВ

In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, a scientific approach to castle defence emerged. This led to the proliferation of towers, with an emphasis on flanking fire. Many new castles were polygonal or relied on concentric defence – several stages of defence within each other that could all function at the same time to maximise the castle's firepower. These changes in defence have been attributed to a mixture of castle technology from the Crusades, such as concentric fortification, and inspiration from earlier defences such as Roman forts. While castles continued to be built well into the 16th century, new techniques to deal with improved cannon fire made them uncomfortable and undesirable places to live. As a result, true castles went into decline and were replaced by artillery forts with no role in civil administration, and country houses that were indefensible.
(Академическое исследование А. Гамильтона Томпсона средневековой военной архитектуры Англии. Труд проиллюстирован множеством фотографий, схем, чертежей и реконструкций. Книга сразу после выхода в свет стала основной работой в этой области и выдержала несколько переизданий, в том числе и современных репринтных. В этом релизе оригинального первого издания Томпсона при сборке PDF-файла были исключены "пустые" станицы, без текста и изображений.)